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Objective@#To study the etiological characteristics of an imported Chikungunya fever (CHIK) epidemic in Fujian province in 2018.@*Methods@#Serum samples collected at different days after the onset of the two CHIK cases were detected by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. Structural protein E1 gene was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced for nucleotide characteristics analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis.@*Results@#RNA of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was detected in the 4 serum samples collected on the first 5 days of the disease, and the earliest IgM antibodies were detected in specimens on the 5th day of the disease, however, IgG antibodies were only detected in specimen on 10th day. Compared with the S27-African prototype strain, 12 mutant points were found in the amino acids of E1 genes in this study. The E1 genes of the two CHIK cases were exactly the same, and they were closest to the evolutionary relationship with the strain isolated in the Philippines in 2014. Their genotype was Asian genotype.@*Conclusions@#This epidemic was confirmed to have been imported from the Philippines after the infection with the Asian genotype CHIKV, which suggests that Fujian province should strengthen the monitoring of persons entering from the CHIK epidemic area, so as to prevent imported cases from causing local outbreaks.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatial distribution of human brucellosis in Fujian province during 2011-2016,and provide evidence for the prevention and control of the disease.Methods The surveillance data of human brucellosis in Fujian during 2011-2016 was analyzed with software R 3.3.1,ArcGIS 10.3.1,GeoDa 1.8.8 and SaTScan 9.4.3.Results During 2011-2016,a total of 319 human brucellosis cases were reported,the incidence increased year by year (F=11.838,P=0.026) with the annual incidence of 0.14/100 000.The male to female rate ratio of the incidence was 2.50 ∶ 1.Farmers and herdsmen accounted for 57.37％.The incidence was 0.40/100 000 in Zhangzhou and 0.32/100 000 in Nanping,which were higher than other areas.The number of affected counties (district) increased from 12 in 2011 to 28 in 2016,showing a significant increase (F=13.447,P=0.021).The Moran' s I of brucellosis in Fujian between January 2011 and December 2016 was 0.045,indicating the presence of a high value or low value clustering areas.Local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that,high-high clustering area (hot spots) were distributed in Zhangpu,Longhai,Longwen,etc,while high-low clustering areas were distributed in Nan' an and Jiaocheng,etc.Temporal scanning showed that there were three clustering areas in areas with high incidence,the most possible clustering,occurring during January 1,2013-December 31,2015,covered 6 counties,including Yunxiao,Pinghe,Longhai,etc,and Zhangpu was the center,(RR =7.96,LLR=92.62,P＜0.001).Conclusions The epidemic of human brucellosis in Fujian is becoming serious,and has spread to general population and non-epidemic areas.It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of human brucellosis in areas at high risk.
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We explored the status of Bartonella infection in rodents and the sequence characteristics of Bartonella in Fujian Province.Rodents in Fujian Province were captured by the night trapping method during 2014-2016.Information of the captured rodents on capturing dates and geographic locations,species,gender and ages were recorded.Heart blood samples were collected,from which the fragments of ghA gene and16S-23S rRNA gene of Bartonella were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The PCR products were sequenced and the phylogenetic tree was constructed for homology analysis by biological analysis software.Data on infection rate were analyzed with Chi-square or Fisher exact test to indicate statistical significance.Results showed that 5 917 cages were laid and 381 rodents were captured,density of rodent was 6.44％.The overall Bartonella infection rate in rodents was 12.34 ％,while infection rate in domesticated rodents was 10.61％,with 11.30 ％ in Rattus norvebicus and 10.00％ in R.flavipectus.And the infection rate in wide rodents was 13.86％,with a rate of 22.86％ in Rattus losea and 18.00％ in R.fulvescens,respectively.The infection rate was higher in wild rodents than in domesticated rodents,however,no significant difference was found.The Western Fujian and Northern Fujian region had the higher infection rates of 20.00％ and 25.33％,and no infection was found in Southern Fujian region.The statistical analysis result revealed that a significant difference in infection rate among different region and habitats,but no significant difference in infection rate between male and female rodents,or among different ages.The BLAST results revealed the species to be B.tribocorum,B.elizabethae and B.grahamii.In conclusion,Bartonella infection is found in the rodents in Fujian Province and more attention should be paid on its impact on public health in the province.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatial distribution of human brucellosis in Fujian province during 2011-2016,and provide evidence for the prevention and control of the disease.Methods The surveillance data of human brucellosis in Fujian during 2011-2016 was analyzed with software R 3.3.1,ArcGIS 10.3.1,GeoDa 1.8.8 and SaTScan 9.4.3.Results During 2011-2016,a total of 319 human brucellosis cases were reported,the incidence increased year by year (F=11.838,P=0.026) with the annual incidence of 0.14/100 000.The male to female rate ratio of the incidence was 2.50 ∶ 1.Farmers and herdsmen accounted for 57.37％.The incidence was 0.40/100 000 in Zhangzhou and 0.32/100 000 in Nanping,which were higher than other areas.The number of affected counties (district) increased from 12 in 2011 to 28 in 2016,showing a significant increase (F=13.447,P=0.021).The Moran' s I of brucellosis in Fujian between January 2011 and December 2016 was 0.045,indicating the presence of a high value or low value clustering areas.Local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that,high-high clustering area (hot spots) were distributed in Zhangpu,Longhai,Longwen,etc,while high-low clustering areas were distributed in Nan' an and Jiaocheng,etc.Temporal scanning showed that there were three clustering areas in areas with high incidence,the most possible clustering,occurring during January 1,2013-December 31,2015,covered 6 counties,including Yunxiao,Pinghe,Longhai,etc,and Zhangpu was the center,(RR =7.96,LLR=92.62,P＜0.001).Conclusions The epidemic of human brucellosis in Fujian is becoming serious,and has spread to general population and non-epidemic areas.It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of human brucellosis in areas at high risk.
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Objective To investigate the first human brucellosis outbreak in Fujian Province,aiming to identify the source,risk factors of infection,and recommend control measures.Methods Epidemiological investigation was conducted by combining with agricultural sector on human and animal in the incident area of Zhangzhou City of Fujian Province.Respondents included 17 professionals from the outbreak sheep farm,as well as 9 ones from four nearest farms (including 2 pig farms,1 sheep farm and 1 cow farm) in directions of eastern,southern,western and northern.Then information of cognitive level and daily protection on brucellosis among pasture breeding staffs through case studies were got,serum of pasture breeding staffs and animals was collected (including 262 from the outbreak sheep farm and 50 from another sheep farm which nearly 5 kilometres away) to detect brucellosis antibody,and sheep sources were investigated simultaneously.Results A total of 26 people were detected,the infection rate was 26.9％ (17 people,in the epidemic area),the other four farming units without brucellosis infection.In epidemic focus,seven human infections (5 confirmed cases,2 asymptomatic infected) were identified,with an infection rate 41.2％ (7/17) and the brucellosis antibody positive rate among sheep was 46.2％ (121/262),while no positive sheep in the nearest sheep farm (0/50).Both unprotected lamb handling and stillbirth treatment got a 100.0％ infection rate.Among the investigated professional staffs,92.3％ (24/26) had no awareness of clinical symptoms and signs of brucellosis,while 11.5％ (3/26) took protective measures when working.Conclusions Unquarantined sheep is the infection source of this brucellosis outbreak,unprotected lamb handling and stillbirth treatment are the main route of transmission.High sheep infection rate,lack of brucellosis awareness,precaution missing among pasture breeding staffs and animal quarantine are all contributing to this outbreak.
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In this study ,street trains were isolated from brain of suspected rabid dogs via mouse inoculation technique (MIT) and cell culture inoculation technique (CIT) .Virus was identified by FAT ,RT-PCR and sequencing .Then ,the virus’ biological characteristics were analysed .The TCID50 test results demonstrated that viral titers were not high ,which showed the BHK-21 cells was not the best host cell of rabies viral strain .The LD50 test results showed it was a strong strain of rabies virus .These results laid a strong foundation for rabies laboratory research in Fujian .
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AMOS-PCR and MLVA were carried out to identify the Brucella strains isolated in Fujian province, which were classified as B. melitensis biovar 2 or 3 by conventional microbiological tests. All these 3 isolates were identified to be B. melitensis by AMOS-PCR. The genetic patterns obtained by MLVA were queried in the Brucella 2007 database and clustered with B. melitensis strains. It is evident that these two molecular assays may be used as the assistant tools in the identification of Brucella strains.